Ribosome and Plastids

What are Ribosomes?

They are granular, rich in (RNA) ribonucleic acid, they serve as slits where proteins are synthesized, therefore it is called proteins factories of the cell. They found free in cytoplasm as well as attached on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

What are plastids?

Plastids are found in the cells of all higher plants. These are organelles which are contains different kinds of pigments. Plastids have 3 kinds of colours on the basis of pigments:

Chloroplast: have green pigments i.e. chlorophyll found under the leaves and other green parts of the plants. They make carbohydrates by the process of photosynthesis.

Chloroplast: have coloured pigments others than green. This colour is found in fruits, petals, flowers etc.

                                 

Leucoplast: the leucoplasts are founds in the cells of the underground parts of the plants. They stores foods in the form of starch.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 

Prokaryotic cells:

Prokaryotic cells have nucleoplasm is absent. Nuclear membrane is absent, thus prokaryotic cells do not possess distinct nucleus.

They do not have many of the membrane bound organism e.g. mitochondria, Golgi apparatus etc.

Ribosomes are of the smell size and freely scattered in cytoplasm.

Nucleoplasm is absent.

Single chromosome is found.

Eukaryotic cells: 

A double nuclear membrane is present. They have well defined nucleus. They have membrane bounded structures (organelles). Ribosomes are of big size and present either on endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasm. Nucleoplasm is present. Proper chromosomes in diploid number are present.

                   

What are mitochondria?

This inner membrane is folded. These in folding are called cristae. Where the fluid in it, is called matrix and this is called the called the house power of cell.

What is morphology?

This branch relates with the study of external organism characteristics of plants and animals.